Architect Paolo Soleri coined arcology in the late 1960s by combining architecture and ecology. His proposition was direct: low-density sprawl consumes land, energy, and social life, while a compact city could concentrate resources and leave more landscape intact. His experimental settlement Arcosanti in Arizona became the built laboratory for that idea.
Arcology is not one visual style so much as a spatial argument. Transport becomes vertical and shared, rooftops become productive terrain, and public rooms are stacked with homes and workshops. The most compelling imagery makes this systems thinking visible rather than treating greenery as a decorative layer.
The idea persists in speculative cinema, games, climate fiction, and contemporary discussions of density. It is useful precisely because it is unresolved: a civic ambition with as many social questions as formal answers.